{
  "meta": {
    "title": "IELTS score concordance: CEFR, TOEFL iBT, PTE Academic, Duolingo English Test, Cambridge English Scale and CLB",
    "description": "IELTS overall bands 4.0–9.0 against CEFR levels, TOEFL iBT (0–120), PTE Academic, the Duolingo English Test, the Cambridge English Scale and Canadian Language Benchmarks. One row per band and scale; every row cites the publisher document it comes from and says whether the value is official, derived by us, or unverified.",
    "creator": "IELTS.international",
    "version": "2026-09-28",
    "dateModified": "2026-09-28",
    "license": {
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "attribution": "Credit IELTS.international with a link to https://www.ielts.international/ielts-score-equivalency",
    "citation": "IELTS.international. (2026). IELTS score concordance: CEFR, TOEFL iBT, PTE Academic, Duolingo English Test, Cambridge English Scale and CLB (Version 2026-09-28) [Data set]. https://www.ielts.international/ielts-score-equivalency#cite-dataset",
    "page": "https://www.ielts.international/ielts-score-equivalency",
    "csv": "https://www.ielts.international/data/ielts-score-concordance.csv",
    "rowCount": 56,
    "notes": [
      "56 rows: 44 official, 9 derived by us from a publisher table, 3 unverified.",
      "Unverified rows (Cambridge English Scale above band 7.5) have no publisher table behind them and must not be quoted as official.",
      "TOEFL iBT values are ETS's 2010 comparison on the 0–120 scale; ETS now also reports a 1–6 scale, which this file does not include.",
      "Sources last compared with our values on 28 September 2026."
    ],
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "ielts_band",
        "description": "IELTS overall band (4.0–9.0)."
      },
      {
        "name": "test",
        "description": "Machine name of the other scale: cefr, toefl_ibt, pte_academic, duolingo, cambridge_scale, clb."
      },
      {
        "name": "test_label",
        "description": "Human-readable name of the other scale."
      },
      {
        "name": "equivalent",
        "description": "Equivalent score, range or level on that scale."
      },
      {
        "name": "equivalent_detail",
        "description": "Extra detail: the Cambridge exam a Scale range belongs to, or the per-skill IELTS General Training minimums for a CLB level."
      },
      {
        "name": "status",
        "description": "official = printed in the publisher's table; derived = computed by us from it; unverified = no publisher table supports it."
      },
      {
        "name": "status_note",
        "description": "Why the row has that status."
      },
      {
        "name": "source_publisher",
        "description": "Organisation that publishes the source document."
      },
      {
        "name": "source_title",
        "description": "Title of the source document."
      },
      {
        "name": "source_url",
        "description": "Link to the source document."
      },
      {
        "name": "source_year",
        "description": "Publication year of the source (n.d. for an undated web page)."
      },
      {
        "name": "source_checked",
        "description": "Date we last compared the value with the source (YYYY-MM-DD)."
      }
    ]
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "ielts_band": "4.0",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "B1",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS is plotted against the CEFR on the Cambridge English Scale diagram in this document.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "4.0",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "0–31",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "ETS reports one row for IELTS 0–4 = TOEFL iBT 0–31; we attach it to band 4.0.",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "4.5",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "B1",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS is plotted against the CEFR on the Cambridge English Scale diagram in this document.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "4.5",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "32–34",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "4.5",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "24–30",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "4.5",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "65–75",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.0",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "B1",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS is plotted against the CEFR on the Cambridge English Scale diagram in this document.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.0",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "35–45",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.0",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "31–38",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.0",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "80–90",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.0",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "154–161",
      "equivalent_detail": "B2 FCE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Cambridge publishes the minimum Scale score for each band; the upper end of the range is the next band's minimum minus one.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.0",
      "test": "clb",
      "test_label": "Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB)",
      "equivalent": "CLB 5",
      "equivalent_detail": "IELTS General Training minimums: L 5.0 · R 4.0 · W 5.0 · S 5.0",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "IRCC publishes IELTS General Training minimums per skill for each CLB level, not an overall band; placing the CLB level on this overall-band row is our reading.",
      "source_publisher": "Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)",
      "source_title": "Express Entry: language test results",
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html",
      "source_year": "2026",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.5",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "B2",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS is plotted against the CEFR on the Cambridge English Scale diagram in this document.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.5",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "46–59",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.5",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "39–46",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.5",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "95–100",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "5.5",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "162–168",
      "equivalent_detail": "B2 FCE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Cambridge publishes the minimum Scale score for each band; the upper end of the range is the next band's minimum minus one.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.0",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "B2",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS is plotted against the CEFR on the Cambridge English Scale diagram in this document.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.0",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "60–78",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.0",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "47–54",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.0",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "105–115",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.0",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "169–175",
      "equivalent_detail": "B2 FCE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Cambridge publishes the minimum Scale score for each band; the upper end of the range is the next band's minimum minus one.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.0",
      "test": "clb",
      "test_label": "Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB)",
      "equivalent": "CLB 7",
      "equivalent_detail": "IELTS General Training minimums: L 6.0 · R 6.0 · W 6.0 · S 6.0",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "IRCC publishes IELTS General Training minimums per skill for each CLB level, not an overall band; placing the CLB level on this overall-band row is our reading.",
      "source_publisher": "Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)",
      "source_title": "Express Entry: language test results",
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html",
      "source_year": "2026",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.5",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "B2+",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "IELTS places the C1 threshold between 6.5 and 7.0, so 6.5 is B2. The + (upper B2) is our label, not a CEFR level.",
      "source_publisher": "IELTS (British Council, IDP IELTS, Cambridge University Press & Assessment)",
      "source_title": "IELTS and the CEFR",
      "source_url": "https://ielts.org/organisations/ielts-for-organisations/compare-ielts/ielts-and-the-cefr",
      "source_year": "n.d.",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.5",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "79–93",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.5",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "55–62",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.5",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "120–125",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "6.5",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "176–184",
      "equivalent_detail": "C1 CAE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Cambridge publishes the minimum Scale score for each band; the upper end of the range is the next band's minimum minus one.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.0",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "C1",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS: the C1 minimum threshold falls between bands 6.5 and 7.",
      "source_publisher": "IELTS (British Council, IDP IELTS, Cambridge University Press & Assessment)",
      "source_title": "IELTS and the CEFR",
      "source_url": "https://ielts.org/organisations/ielts-for-organisations/compare-ielts/ielts-and-the-cefr",
      "source_year": "n.d.",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.0",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "94–101",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.0",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "63–70",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.0",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "130–135",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.0",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "185–190",
      "equivalent_detail": "C1 CAE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Cambridge publishes the minimum Scale score for each band; the upper end of the range is the next band's minimum minus one.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.0",
      "test": "clb",
      "test_label": "Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB)",
      "equivalent": "CLB 8",
      "equivalent_detail": "IELTS General Training minimums: L 7.5 · R 6.5 · W 6.5 · S 6.5",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "IRCC publishes IELTS General Training minimums per skill for each CLB level, not an overall band; placing the CLB level on this overall-band row is our reading.",
      "source_publisher": "Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)",
      "source_title": "Express Entry: language test results",
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html",
      "source_year": "2026",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.5",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "C1",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS is plotted against the CEFR on the Cambridge English Scale diagram in this document.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.5",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "102–109",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.5",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "71–78",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.5",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "140–145",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.5",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "191–199",
      "equivalent_detail": "C1 CAE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "Cambridge publishes 191 as the minimum for band 7.5 and stops there; the upper end 199 (the last score below C2) is ours.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "7.5",
      "test": "clb",
      "test_label": "Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB)",
      "equivalent": "CLB 9",
      "equivalent_detail": "IELTS General Training minimums: L 8.0 · R 7.0 · W 7.0 · S 7.0",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "IRCC publishes IELTS General Training minimums per skill for each CLB level, not an overall band; placing the CLB level on this overall-band row is our reading.",
      "source_publisher": "Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)",
      "source_title": "Express Entry: language test results",
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html",
      "source_year": "2026",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.0",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "C1–C2",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS: band 8 is borderline between C1 and C2.",
      "source_publisher": "IELTS (British Council, IDP IELTS, Cambridge University Press & Assessment)",
      "source_title": "IELTS and the CEFR",
      "source_url": "https://ielts.org/organisations/ielts-for-organisations/compare-ielts/ielts-and-the-cefr",
      "source_year": "n.d.",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.0",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "110–114",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.0",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "79–85",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.0",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "150–155",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.0",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "200–229",
      "equivalent_detail": "C2 CPE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "unverified",
      "status_note": "Cambridge's IELTS comparison stops at band 7.5. This C2 Proficiency range is not from a Cambridge IELTS table; treat it as indicative.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.0",
      "test": "clb",
      "test_label": "Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB)",
      "equivalent": "CLB 10",
      "equivalent_detail": "IELTS General Training minimums: L 8.5 · R 8.0 · W 7.5 · S 7.5",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "IRCC publishes IELTS General Training minimums per skill for each CLB level, not an overall band; placing the CLB level on this overall-band row is our reading.",
      "source_publisher": "Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)",
      "source_title": "Express Entry: language test results",
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html",
      "source_year": "2026",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.5",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "C2",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS: band scores of 8.5 and higher are recognised as C2.",
      "source_publisher": "IELTS (British Council, IDP IELTS, Cambridge University Press & Assessment)",
      "source_title": "IELTS and the CEFR",
      "source_url": "https://ielts.org/organisations/ielts-for-organisations/compare-ielts/ielts-and-the-cefr",
      "source_year": "n.d.",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.5",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "115–117",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.5",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "86–89",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.5",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "160",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's overall concordance (Cardwell et al., 2023). DRR-24-05 re-tested it in 2025 and kept it unchanged. DET reports in steps of 5, so 130–135 means 130 or 135.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "8.5",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "200–229",
      "equivalent_detail": "C2 CPE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "unverified",
      "status_note": "Cambridge's IELTS comparison stops at band 7.5. This C2 Proficiency range is not from a Cambridge IELTS table; treat it as indicative.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "9.0",
      "test": "cefr",
      "test_label": "CEFR",
      "equivalent": "C2",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "IELTS: band scores of 8.5 and higher are recognised as C2.",
      "source_publisher": "IELTS (British Council, IDP IELTS, Cambridge University Press & Assessment)",
      "source_title": "IELTS and the CEFR",
      "source_url": "https://ielts.org/organisations/ielts-for-organisations/compare-ielts/ielts-and-the-cefr",
      "source_year": "n.d.",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "9.0",
      "test": "toefl_ibt",
      "test_label": "TOEFL iBT (0–120)",
      "equivalent": "118–120",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "ETS",
      "source_title": "Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores – A Research Report (Table 7)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pt_pt/pdfs/toefl/linking-toefl-ibt-scores-to-ielts-scores.pdf",
      "source_year": "2010",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "9.0",
      "test": "pte_academic",
      "test_label": "PTE Academic",
      "equivalent": "90",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "official",
      "status_note": "",
      "source_publisher": "Pearson",
      "source_title": "Establishing score concordance between the enhanced PTE Academic and IELTS Academic (summary)",
      "source_url": "https://www.pearsonpte.com/content/dam/ELL/pte/pearsonpte/pdfs/Concordance-study-summary-pte-academic-july-2025.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "9.0",
      "test": "duolingo",
      "test_label": "Duolingo English Test",
      "equivalent": "160",
      "equivalent_detail": "",
      "status": "derived",
      "status_note": "Duolingo's table maps 160 (the DET maximum) to IELTS 8.5 and has no score for 9.0; 160 is listed here only as the ceiling.",
      "source_publisher": "Duolingo",
      "source_title": "A Concordance Study between the DET and IELTS Academic SWRL Subscores (DRR-24-05)",
      "source_url": "https://duolingo-papers.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/other/det-concordance-report-ielts-2025-10.pdf",
      "source_year": "2025",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "ielts_band": "9.0",
      "test": "cambridge_scale",
      "test_label": "Cambridge English Scale",
      "equivalent": "230+",
      "equivalent_detail": "C2 CPE (Cambridge exam)",
      "status": "unverified",
      "status_note": "Cambridge's IELTS comparison stops at band 7.5. This C2 Proficiency range is not from a Cambridge IELTS table; treat it as indicative.",
      "source_publisher": "Cambridge Assessment English",
      "source_title": "Comparing scores to IELTS (B2 First and C1 Advanced), CER/3019/V2/OCT19",
      "source_url": "https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/461626-cambridge-english-qualifications-comparing-scores-to-ielts.pdf",
      "source_year": "2019",
      "source_checked": "2026-09-28"
    }
  ]
}