Some argue that governments should subsidize local farmers to support agriculture. Others believe that free market competition is better. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Write **at least 250 words**. Spend ~40 minutes. This is a real IELTS exam-style question.
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Step 1
IELTS Examiner Tips for This Topic
For this 'Discuss both views' essay, dedicate one full body paragraph to thoroughly exploring the arguments for government subsidies and another distinct paragraph to the merits of free market competition. Avoid the common pitfall of being too one-sided or blending arguments, as this undermines a balanced discussion and can limit your Task Response score.
When discussing subsidies, consider arguments like ensuring food security, preserving rural communities, or promoting sustainable farming practices, citing examples such as the EU's Common Agricultural Policy or Japan's rice subsidies. For free market competition, focus on efficiency gains, lower consumer prices due to increased competition, and reduced taxpayer burden, perhaps referencing New Zealand's agricultural deregulation in the 1980s.
A frequent mistake is to merely list pros and cons without developing coherent arguments or linking them back to the core debate of government intervention versus market forces. To avoid this, ensure each point is fully elaborated with explanations, potential consequences, or specific examples, clearly articulating why subsidies are advocated or why free market is preferred.
Employ a clear contrastive linking strategy between your two main body paragraphs to signal the shift in perspective. Begin the second body paragraph with phrases like 'Conversely,' 'In stark contrast,' or 'However, proponents of a free market approach contend that...' to smoothly transition and highlight the opposing viewpoint.
Examiners look for a nuanced discussion that acknowledges the complexities of both economic approaches, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding beyond surface-level arguments. A band 8-9 response will not only present well-supported arguments for each view but also offer a clear, well-reasoned personal opinion in the conclusion that synthesises the preceding discussion, using precise academic vocabulary and complex grammatical structures.
Step 2
Recommended Essay Structure (Band 7+ Standard)
1Introduction
Show mastery by presenting both sides fairly and establishing your stance.
- Demonstrate understanding of BOTH perspectives — this shows critical thinking
- State which side you lean toward — even if you're discussing both equally
- Maintain neutral, academic tone — avoid emotional language or bias
Band 7+ sentence starters for each paragraph
There are differing opinions on whether...While some people believe that..., others argue that...This essay will examine both perspectives before reaching a conclusion.2Body Paragraph 1 — First Viewpoint
Present one side with respect and credibility.
- Even if you disagree, present this view authentically with real examples
- Use academic reporting language: 'Research indicates...', 'Studies show...', 'Experts argue...'
- Acknowledge strengths — this demonstrates balanced analysis and earns marks
Band 7+ sentence starters for each paragraph
On the one hand, supporters of this view argue that...Those in favour point out that...A key argument for this position is...3Body Paragraph 2 — Opposing Viewpoint
Present the counter-argument with equal depth and sophistication.
- Match the structure and depth of paragraph 1 — examiners compare them
- Use contrasting transition words: 'Conversely', 'In contrast', 'On the other hand'
- If you have an opinion, make this paragraph slightly stronger — but stay fair
Band 7+ sentence starters for each paragraph
On the other hand, critics contend that...However, there is a strong counter-argument...Conversely, many people feel that...4Conclusion
Synthesize both views and deliver your decisive judgment.
- Acknowledge validity of both sides — this shows intellectual maturity
- State your preference clearly and confidently — don't hedge or waffle
- Take a firm position — examiners reward clarity over fence-sitting
Band 7+ sentence starters for each paragraph
In conclusion, while both sides have merit, I believe that...Having considered both arguments, it seems that...Step 3
High-Scoring Vocabulary & Collocations
Step 4
Academic Phrases for This Essay Type
It is widely acknowledged thatThere is compelling evidence to suggestThis phenomenon can be attributed toA growing body of research indicatesThe implications of this are far-reachingThis raises important questions aboutFrom a broader perspectiveIt would be short-sighted to ignoreAddition
MoreoverFurthermoreIn additionWhat is moreContrast
HoweverNeverthelessOn the other handConverselyCause / Effect
ConsequentlyAs a resultThereforeThis leads toExample
For instanceTo illustrateA case in point isSuch asConcession
AlthoughWhile it is true thatDespiteAdmittedlyStep 5
Grammar Patterns for Band 7+
Complex sentence with concession
Although some argue that technology isolates people, the evidence suggests it strengthens connections.
Shows advanced grammatical control. Start with 'Although/While' + opposing view, then state your position — demonstrates nuanced thinking.
Conditional (Type 2)
If governments invested more in public transport, traffic congestion would decrease significantly.
Perfect for hypothetical scenarios and solutions. Structure: 'If + past simple, would + infinitive' — shows flexibility and imagination.
Passive for academic tone
It is often argued that education should be free. However, this view overlooks the practical challenges.
Academic writing favors passive constructions. 'It is + past participle + that' creates authoritative, objective tone.
Relative clause
Students who study abroad, which is becoming increasingly common, tend to develop greater independence.
Adds sophistication without complexity. Use 'who' for people, 'which' for things, 'that' for either.
Noun phrase for density
The rapid expansion of urban areas has led to increased pollution levels.
Packs more information into fewer words. 'The implementation of effective policies' vs 'policies are implemented effectively' — boosts Lexical Resource score.
Step 6
Band 9 Model Answer (Fully Marked)
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Download Official IELTS Answer Sheet (PDF)More IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics in This Category
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