IELTS.international
Jisajili
IngiaJisajili
Opinionacademic·2019

Some people think that governments should spend money on railways rather than roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Andika angalau maneno 250. Unapaswa kutumia takriban dakika 40 katika kazi hii.

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Step 1

Vidokezo vya Mtahini kwa Mada Hii

1

Clearly state your position (agree or disagree) in your introduction and maintain it throughout, ensuring every body paragraph supports this stance. To balance, dedicate a paragraph to briefly acknowledging the merits of road infrastructure (e.g., flexibility for individual transport, rural access) before robustly reasserting why your chosen focus (railways or roads) demands greater governmental priority.

2

To support an argument for railways, consider citing their environmental advantages, such as significantly lower carbon emissions per passenger-mile compared to road transport, or their capacity to alleviate urban congestion. For instance, the high-speed rail networks in countries like Japan (Shinkansen) or France (TGV) demonstrate how substantial investment can transform inter-city travel, boosting economic productivity and reducing reliance on private vehicles.

3

A common pitfall is to merely describe the advantages of both railways and roads without clearly arguing why one deserves *more* governmental spending than the other. Avoid simply listing benefits; instead, frame your points comparatively, explicitly stating why, for example, the long-term societal and environmental returns on railway investment outweigh those of roads in the current global context.

4

For an opinion essay, employ a 'concession and rebuttal' linking strategy to demonstrate sophisticated argumentation. Start a paragraph acknowledging an opposing viewpoint (e.g., 'While proponents of road investment argue that...') before immediately introducing a contrasting phrase ('However, this perspective overlooks...', 'Nevertheless, the long-term benefits of rail infrastructure are more profound...') to pivot back to and strengthen your main argument.

5

For a band 8-9 on this question, examiners seek not just a clear stance, but also a nuanced discussion that considers the broader societal and economic implications of government spending priorities. This includes demonstrating an understanding of sustainability, urban planning, and national productivity, using precise academic vocabulary and complex sentence structures to articulate a well-reasoned, consistently argued position throughout the essay.

Step 2

Muundo wa Aya Unaopendekezwa

1
Utangulizi

Eleza swali kwa maneno yako mwenyewe na ueleze wazi msimamo WAKO.

  • Usinakili swali neno kwa neno — ubadilishe kwa kutumia maneno yenye maana sawa.
  • Toa maoni yako katika sentensi ya mwisho ya utangulizi.
  • Usizidi sentensi mbili au tatu.

Misemo ya Kuanzia

It is often argued that...There is a growing debate about whether...In my view, ... because ...
2
Kifungu cha Mwili 1 — Hoja Kuu

Wasilisha hoja yako yenye nguvu zaidi kwa mfano maalum.

  • Anza na sentensi ya mada iliyo wazi inayoelezea hoja.
  • Toa usaidizi kwa mfano maalum, takwimu, au kisa halisi cha ulimwengu.
  • Eleza KWA NINI mfano huu unaunga mkono hoja yako.

Misemo ya Kuanzia

The primary reason I hold this view is that...This is clearly illustrated by...For instance, in many countries...
3
Kifungu cha Mwili 2 — Hoja ya Kusaidia

Ongeza hoja ya pili inayounga mkono msimamo wako kutoka kwa mtazamo tofauti.

  • Chagua mtazamo tofauti — ikiwa aya ya 1 ilikuwa ya kiuchumi, jaribu ya kijamii au ya kimazingira.
  • Tumia aina tofauti ya ushahidi (uchunguzi wa kibinafsi, utafiti, mantiki)
  • Unganisha tena na hoja yako kuu.

Misemo ya Kuanzia

Furthermore, it is worth considering that...Another compelling argument is that...This is further supported by the fact that...
4
Hitimisho

Rudia maoni yako na ufupishe hoja zako kuu.

  • USIanzishe mawazo mapya katika hitimisho
  • Eleza msimamo wako kwa kutumia maneno tofauti na yale yaliyotumiwa katika utangulizi.
  • Iweke kwa sentensi mbili.

Misemo ya Kuanzia

In conclusion, I firmly believe that...To sum up, the evidence clearly suggests that...

Step 3

Msamiati Muhimu

sustainable infrastructureSystems and facilities designed, built, and operated in a way that minimizes environmental impact and supports long-term societal well-being.
intermodal connectivityThe efficient linking of different modes of transportation, such as rail, road, air, and sea, to facilitate seamless movement of goods and people.
urban sprawlThe uncontrolled expansion of urban areas, often characterized by low-density development and increased reliance on private vehicles.
it is widely acknowledged thatA common phrase used to introduce a generally accepted fact or belief.
a compelling argument can be made forA phrase used to introduce a strong and persuasive reason or justification for something.
this notion is predicated onThis idea or concept is based on or depends fundamentally on a particular assumption or principle.
from my perspectiveA phrase used to introduce one's personal viewpoint or opinion.
the evidence overwhelmingly suggestsA phrase indicating that the available data or information strongly supports a particular conclusion.
notwithstandingIn spite of; despite. Used to introduce a contrasting point that does not diminish the main argument.
this is not to say thatA phrase used to clarify that a previous statement does not imply something else, often to avoid misinterpretation or oversimplification.

Step 4

Academic Phrases for This Essay Type

It is widely acknowledged thatThere is compelling evidence to suggestThis phenomenon can be attributed toA growing body of research indicatesThe implications of this are far-reachingThis raises important questions aboutFrom a broader perspectiveIt would be short-sighted to ignore

Kujumlisha

MoreoverFurthermoreIn additionWhat is more

Tofauti

HoweverNeverthelessOn the other handConversely

Sababu / Athari

ConsequentlyAs a resultThereforeThis leads to

Mfano

For instanceTo illustrateA case in point isSuch as

Ruzuku

AlthoughWhile it is true thatDespiteAdmittedly

Step 5

Grammar Patterns for Band 7+

Sentensi changamano yenye konsesheni

Although some argue that technology isolates people, the evidence suggests it strengthens connections.

Inamwonyesha mtahini kuwa unaweza kushughulikia sentensi tegemezi. Anza na 'Although/While' + mtazamo tofauti, kisha toa mtazamo wako.

Masharti (Aina ya 2)

If governments invested more in public transport, traffic congestion would decrease significantly.

Inafaa kwa hoja na suluhisho za kinadharia. 'If + past simple, would + infinitive'.

Sauti ya utendaji kwa ajili ya sauti ya kitaaluma

It is often argued that education should be free. However, this view overlooks the practical challenges.

Uandishi wa kitaaluma unapendelea matumizi ya sauti ya upatanishi. 'It is + past participle + that' inasikika kuwa na mamlaka.

Kifungu cha uhusiano

Students who study abroad, which is becoming increasingly common, tend to develop greater independence.

Vifungu vya uhusiano huongeza maelezo bila kuanza sentensi mpya. Tumia 'who' kwa watu, 'which' kwa vitu.

Kifungu cha nomino kwa msongamano

The rapid expansion of urban areas has led to increased pollution levels.

Weka taarifa katika virai nomino badala ya kutumia sentensi nyingi fupi. Hii itakusaidia kupata alama za juu katika Lexical Resource.

Step 6

Jibu la Mfano

Jisajili bila malipo ili usome jibu kamili la mfano kwa mada hii.

Jisajili ili Usome Jibu la Mfano

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