In many countries, the amount of crime is increasing. What do you think are the main causes of crime? How can we deal with those causes?

Many candidates lose marks by disproportionately focusing on either causes or solutions. For this two-part question, dedicate a distinct body paragraph to each aspect: one thoroughly exploring the main causes of crime, and another equally detailed paragraph outlining practical solutions to address those identified causes. Ensure your introduction clearly signposts that you will discuss both, and your conclusion summarises both sets of points, maintaining a balanced approach throughout the essay.

When discussing causes, consider the role of technology in facilitating new forms of crime, such as cyber fraud, identity theft, or the dark web's role in illicit trade, which are increasingly prevalent in developed nations like the UK or USA. For solutions, you could propose enhanced digital forensics capabilities, international cooperation for cybercrime enforcement (e.g., Interpol's cybercrime unit), or public awareness campaigns (like those in Singapore) to educate citizens on online safety and reporting mechanisms.

The most common mistake on this question, especially when linking to technology, is to provide a superficial list of causes and solutions without sufficient development or explanation of the link to increasing crime rates. Avoid simply stating 'technology causes crime' or 'technology can solve crime.' Instead, elaborate on how specific technological advancements enable criminal activity (e.g., encryption for illicit communication, ease of data theft) or how technological solutions directly mitigate those specific causes (e.g., blockchain for secure transactions, advanced surveillance for evidence collection).

For a two-part question, effective transitions between the 'causes' and 'solutions' paragraphs are crucial. After concluding your paragraph on causes, begin the next with a clear linking phrase such as 'Having examined the principal factors contributing to rising crime rates, it is imperative to consider viable strategies to mitigate these issues.' Alternatively, you could use 'In light of these prevalent causes, a multi-faceted approach involving both technological and societal interventions is required to address the escalating crime problem effectively.' This clearly signals the shift in focus while maintaining coherence.

Examiners look for a sophisticated understanding of the complex interplay between technology and crime, moving beyond simplistic cause-and-effect. A band 8-9 essay will present nuanced arguments, acknowledging both the ways technology facilitates crime and its potential as a tool for prevention and enforcement. This includes using precise, academic vocabulary to discuss digital forensics, cyber security, data privacy, and ethical considerations, alongside well-developed, specific examples that illustrate the points convincingly, demonstrating a deep engagement with the topic.